tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34066924011764186642024-02-19T02:13:44.327-08:00Medical WTF!Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-41814262811190645792009-09-23T05:29:00.001-07:002009-09-23T05:29:22.735-07:00Breast Cancer - How You Can Thwart Risks in Easy Steps<div>Women are primarily at risk when <strong>breast cancer</strong> is concerned. It is no surprise that <strong>42,000 new cases</strong> of breast cancer among women aged 40 and above are reported each year. It is such an equalizer that it does not matter that you're rich, poor, black or white - this disease is bound to strike often unnoticed. </div> <div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTr1q-k1ZmjnIGY9BhDdSPlOxfaXrC1ZAjtG4L_D9xq1Nuw4hdXTWM60pVzInGQoPmG3hJDGx6pnbmYMY0iWH1AVQFVn_oMoYBR6UrwCTLyYPTkSVRFDS3HYDGOMXLAWfoVGMnDi-ZfsV/s1600-h/Avoiding%20Breast%20Cancer%5B3%5D.png"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="Avoiding Breast Cancer" border="0" alt="Avoiding Breast Cancer" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-kBuAmm8OkWayF4eg-NG9bqQsKrqYaVWWVFGE-WamqXWbw2w3zvsyENE3MJq5mzqDDByk-gc6vhC6rMOh5h2IMRnM950fqg-PlWrcGAkV4fTg8A1Zd-bu-KbzeZ_EJGLRhP_zeTxd9FWu/?imgmax=800" width="270" height="302" /></a> </div> <a name='more'></a><!-- adsense --> <div>With the advent of new medical breakthroughs, breast cancer can be easily treated on its early onset. Preventive measures to avoid it are often not very clear cut yet, but there are certain ways you can alleviate its further development or avoid its reoccurrence if you previously had one before.</div> <div> </div> <div>One way is that you <strong>avoid hormone therapy</strong> when experiencing menopause symptoms. You should put in mind that menopause is a natural thing and thwarting it may do damage since a lot of studies concur that <strong>menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)</strong> can induce the risk of having breast cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that when taking MHT for more than 5 years for women aged 45 and above will more likely expose you not only to breast cancer, but also colorectal cancer. In this case, you should start thinking of having an alternative to MHT, if you cannot help the discomforts of the menopausal syndrome.</div> <div> </div> <div>Another factor that decreases your propensity to acquire breast cancer is <strong>prolonged breastfeeding</strong>. Of course, breastfeeding has been proven to have gargantuan benefits to you and your baby because this can assist his or her physical and mental development, aside from other positive health benefits. However, mothers can also benefit from it because when you do prolonged breastfeeding -- your body produces the right hormones for you to fight off cancer cells.</div> <div> </div> <div>Other ways to decrease the risk of breast cancer is to stay away from contraceptive medications that contain estrogen, exercising regularly and living a healthy lifestyle by improving your diet and forget the intake of excess alcohol and smoking. </div> <div> </div> <div>Follow these steps would certainly minimize your chances of contracting breast cancer. These are just simple things to do and you should maintain these steps in order to eradicate this dreaded women's disease. Change can start from yourself and you can even help inform other women about these proactive preventive measures on how to avoid breast cancer</div> Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-8804232129462730122009-03-01T13:58:00.000-08:002009-09-17T00:08:37.520-07:00Living With Diabetes and the Daily Dietary RecommendationsDefined as “a condition in which the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is too high because the body cannot use it properly”, word “diabetes” derives from the Greek for “siphon”, a reference to the copious urine excretion that characterizes this affliction. In common usage, the term diabetes is synonymous with diabetes mellitus. As it is another major non-communicable disease that has affected millions of people around the world, this disease has two varieties, each with its own cause: diabetes mellitus type I, caused by deficiency of the pancreatic hormone insulin and diabetes mellitus type II, in which insulin is available but cannot be properly utilised. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation and World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO, 2003), the incidence of diabetes is “currently estimated to be around 150 million”. They even predict this number “to double by 2025, with the greatest number of cases being expected in China and India”. In the UK, 1.4 million people were inflicted with diabetes in 2002 and a million more people “have the condition but are not yet aware of it” (Food Standards Agency, 2002).
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<br />The American Diabetes Association (2008) explained that “medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is important in preventing diabetes, managing existing diabetes, and preventing, or at least slowing, the rate of development of diabetes complications”. To prevent the onset of Type II diabetes, emphasis on “lifestyle changes that include moderate weight loss (7% body weight) and regular physical activity (150 min/week), with dietary strategies including reduced calories and reduced intake of dietary fat, can reduce the risk for developing diabetes”. Also, the “U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommendation for dietary fibre (14 g fiber/1,000 kcal) and foods containing whole grains (one-half of grain intake)”. For Type I diabetics, the traditional diet is high in protein and quite restricted in carbohydrates, with only about 45% of the total daily caloric intake being carbohydrate-derived. Since most type I diabetics are thin, weight reduction is not part of their program. For secondary prevention, the American Diabetes Association (2008) suggested limiting intake of “saturated fat to less than 7% of total calories”, intake of trans fat should be minimized. For individuals with diabetes, dietary cholesterol must also be lowered to less than 200 mg/day, whilst “two or more servings of fish per week (with the exception of commercially fried fish filets) provide n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are recommended”.
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<br />In the UK, diet for managing diabetes include limiting protein intake to no more than 1 gram per kilogram body weight, total fat not exceeding 35% of daily energy intake, trans fat not exceeding 10% of daily energy intake, sucrose should not exceed 10% of daily energy intake and salt should be limited to less than 6 grams per day (Diabetes UK, 2003). However, Diabetes UK (2003) has no specific fibre requirements and they encourage “foods naturally rich in vitamins and antioxidants”. Diabetes UK (2003) announced that there is “liberalisation in the consumption of sucrose, from the previous 25 g/day up to 10% of the daily energy derived from carbohydrate, provided that this is eaten in the context of a healthy diet and distributed throughout the day”. But overweight people must “avoid sucrose where this is practicable”.
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<br />In this case, we can deem that the treatment of diabetes can lie mainly on managing the diet effectively. People with diabetes should strictly follow dietary recommendations for them to avoid the complications of this disease. Diabetes UK (2003) warned that there are “different approaches are required for different patients and in different circumstances”. If a patient wants to take control of his or her disease, they should consult a physician or a dietitian for them to have an effective diet plan. The Food Standards Agency also states that people with diabetes can eat anything and “there is no need to cut out all sugar”. However, “like everyone, people with diabetes should try to eat only small amounts of foods that are high in sugar or fat, or both”. Having a balanced diet is still the key, so eating minimal carbohydrates and sugar from low sugar biscuits or candies can still be helpful in the treatment of diabetes.
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mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-unhide:no; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB">References</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB">American Diabetes Association. 2008. Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes. <i style="">Diabetes Care</i>, 31:S61-S78. Retrieved 20 April 2008 at <a href="http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/31/Supplement_1/S61">http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/31/Supplement_1/S61</a>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Diabetes <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">UK</st1:country-region></st1:place>. 2003, October. The implementation of nutritional advice for people with diabetes, <i style="">Diabetic Medicine</i> 20(10): 786-807. Retrieved 20 April 2008 at <a href="http://www.staging.diabetesuk.web.baigent.net/infocentre/carerec/nutrition.pdf">http://www.staging.diabetesuk.web.baigent.net/infocentre/carerec/nutrition.pdf</a>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span lang="EN-GB">FAO/WHO. 2003. <i style="">Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases</i>, WHO Technical Report Series 916, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Geneva</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Switzerland</st1:country-region></st1:place>: World Health Organisation. Retrieved 20 April 2008 at <a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC911E/AC911E00.HTM">http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/AC911E/AC911E00.HTM</a>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Food Standards Agency</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">. 2002, July 19. Joint statement on diabetes issued. Retrieved 20 April 2008 at <a href="http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2002/jul/82463?view=printerfriendly">http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2002/jul/82463?view=printerfriendly</a>.</span></p>
<br />Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-21304813169274675712009-02-21T16:45:00.000-08:002011-06-20T08:08:59.299-07:00What is Bulimia Nervosa and Why this Disorder is Eating You Up?Eating is an essential human activity because this is where we derive our nourishment to provide us the energy we need to perform other functions. However, when we have eating disorders, our bodies may not be able to cope with the required nutrients because we cannot eat normally. As a result, eating disorders can trigger various health problems that may endanger our general well-being. As one type of eating disorder, bulimia is defined as “binge eating followed by inappropriate attempts to compensate for the binge, such as self-induced vomiting or the excessive use of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas” (<span style="font-style: italic;">Encyclopædia Britannica</span>, 2008). Some cases of bulimia can be “followed by excessive exercise or fasting” and “the episodes of binge eating and purging typically occur an average of twice a week or more over a period of at least three months, and repetition of the cycle can lead to serious medical complications such as dental decay or dehydration” (<span style="font-style: italic;">Encyclopædia Britannica</span>, 2008).<br /><a href="http://images.paraorkut.com/img/funnypics/images/b/bulimia-12638.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 324px; height: 259px;" src="http://images.paraorkut.com/img/funnypics/images/b/bulimia-12638.jpg" alt="Bulimia Nervosa How to Deal" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="http://graphicshunt.com/funny/images/bulimia-12638.htm">Photo Source</a><br /></span></div><br />The severity of bulimia is a cause of alarm because the Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (ANRED, 2005) claimed that “four percent (4%), or four out of one hundred, college-aged women have bulimia”. It is also claimed that “50% of people who have been anorexic develop bulimia or bulimic patterns”. Since bulimic people are often secretive about their condition, “it is difficult to know how many older people are affected” (ANRED, 2005).<br /><br />Guertin (1999) described that the binge itself usually occurs in secret, most commonly at home during unstructured afternoon or evening hours Bulimic individuals typically gag themselves to induce vomiting. Most attempt to conceal their behavior. Fear of gaining weight is a constant factor. Although an overconcern with body shape and weight is a cardinal feature of bulimia and anorexia, bulimic individuals do not pursue the extreme thinness characteristic of anorexia. Their ideal weights are similar to those of women who do not suffer from eating disorders. A binge typically lasts from 30 to 60 minutes and involves consumption of forbidden foods that are generally sweet and rich in fat. Binge eaters typically feel they lack control over their bingeing and may consume 5,000 to 10,000 calories at a sitting. One young woman described eating everything available in the refrigerator, even to the point of scooping out margarine from its container with her fingers. The episode continues until the binger is spent or exhausted, suffers painful stomach distension, induces vomiting, or runs out of food. Drowsiness, guilt, and depression usually ensue, but bingeing is initially pleasant because of release from dietary constraints.<br /><br />Like anorexia, bulimia is associated with many medical complications. Many of these stem from repeated vomiting: skin irritation around the mouth due to frequent contact with stomach acid, blockage of salivary ducts, decay of tooth enamel, and dental cavities. The acid from the vomit may damage taste receptors on the palate, making the person less sensitive to the taste of vomit with repeated purgings. Winston (2008) emphasized that hypokalemia (low levels of potassium), dental erosion, parotid enlargement, esophagitis and the Mallory–Weiss tears of the esophagus are the complications that may develop from having bulimia. Cycles of bingeing and vomiting may cause abdominal pain, hiatal hernia, and other abdominal complaints. Stress on the pancreas may produce pancreatitis (inflammation), which is a medical emergency. Excessive use of laxatives may cause bloody diarrhea and laxative dependency, so the person cannot have normal bowel movements without laxatives. In extreme cases, the bowel can lose its reflexive eliminatory response to pressure from waste material. Bingeing on large quantities of salty food may cause convulsions and swelling. Repeated vomiting or abuse of laxatives can lead to hypokalemia (potassium deficiency), producing muscular weakness, cardiac irregularities, even sudden death - especially when diuretics are used.<br /><br /><p>Treating eating disorders like bulimia is difficult. A combined feeding regimen and psychotherapy might be needed to quell this condition. Van den Eynde and Schmidt (2008) recommended Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) because it is “efficacious in both bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, but there is a need to improve outcomes further”. Also, they said that “Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) has… shown to have benefits although in bulimia nervosa the response has been slower than with CBT”. Delivering psychotherapy is also costly and is often hampered by limited availability, although self-help versions of CBT may help to overcome these difficulties. Van den Eynde and Schmidt (2008) also found that “pharmacotherapy is a potential treatment option for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, with evidence predominantly on antidepressants”. A high dose of fluoxetine can be administered “because it is relatively better tolerated than antidepressants of other classes”. However, “combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in patients with bulimia nervosa produces somewhat better outcomes than pharmacotherapy alone, but is not clearly superior to psychotherapy alone”. </p><br /><br /><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:6.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align:none; punctuation-wrap:simple; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader {mso-style-name:"Header\,APA Header"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-link:"Header Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:right; line-height:200%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-unhide:no; color:blue; text-decoration:none; text-underline:none;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p.APAHeading1, li.APAHeading1, div.APAHeading1 {mso-style-name:"APA Heading 1"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-next:Normal; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; line-height:200%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.HeaderChar {mso-style-name:"Header Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:"Header\,APA Header"; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;} p.APAReference, li.APAReference, div.APAReference {mso-style-name:"APA Reference"; mso-style-unhide:no; margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-indent:-.5in; line-height:200%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-page-numbers:1; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <p class="APAHeading1">References</p> <p class="APAReference">Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (ANRED). (2005). Statistics: How many people have eating disorders? Retrieved April 23, 2008, from <i style="">ANRED</i>: <a href="http://www.anred.com/stats.html">http://www.anred.com/stats.html</a>.</p> <p class="APAReference">Encyclopædia Britannica. (2008). Bulimia nervosa.<span style=""> </span>Retrieved April 23, 2008, from <i style="">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>: <a href="http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-9018019">http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-9018019</a>.</p> <p class="APAReference">Guertin, T.L. (1999). Eating behavior of bulimics, self-identified binge eaters, and noon-eating disordered individuals: What differentiates these populations? <i>Clinical Psychology Review</i>, <span style="">19</span>(1): 1-24. Retrieved April 23, 2008, from ScienceDirect Database: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VB8-3VMDX64-1/1/f01b286cf02b1ff6d0c379c40f494e58">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VB8-3VMDX64-1/1/f01b286cf02b1ff6d0c379c40f494e58</a>.</p> <p class="APAReference">Van den Eynde, F. &<span style=""> </span>Schmidt, U. (2008, April). Treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, <i style="">Psychiatry</i>, 7(4): 161-166. Retrieved April 23, 2008, from ScienceDirect Database: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B82Y7-4SB7N5V-7/1/4bc426b9ac564690d229dd5781f63bfa">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B82Y7-4SB7N5V-7/1/4bc426b9ac564690d229dd5781f63bfa</a>.</p> <p class="APAReference">Winston, A.P. (2008, April). Management of physical aspects and complications of eating disorders, <i style="">Psychiatry</i> 7(4): 174-178. Retrieved April 23, 2008, from ScienceDirect Database: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B82Y7-4SB7N5V-B/1/08f35b60dc0906bb9b8f7f0c8f8573eb">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B82Y7-4SB7N5V-B/1/08f35b60dc0906bb9b8f7f0c8f8573eb</a>.</p><br /><p><br /><a href="http://www.americanincomelife.com/"> </a></p>Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-43600092426696812012009-02-19T03:22:00.000-08:002013-05-13T11:05:18.622-07:00How to Wean Baby into Solid Food SafelyWeaning is defined as “progressive transfer from the first milk diet to family diet of many foods”. Shifting from breast milk to solid food for babies can be a tricky process because it needs proper timing and the gradual introduction of appropriate food sources in order to “accustom” the baby to learn new food textures and tastes. It is also through weaning where babies learn to swallow and chew food. However, there are risks involved in weaning children. It is said that Queen Anne lost 18 children through infections caused by improper weaning methods in the 1700s. Thus, the timing of the first introduction of solids is an important confounding factor for subsequent health. Alder <i>et al.</i> (2007) revealed that infants introduced to solid food before 4 months had higher levels of cardiovascular risks such as increased body fat and had “more wheezy respiratory illness”.<br />
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<a href="http://www.twinsonline.co.uk/assets/images/weaning_baby.gif" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="weaning baby into solid food" border="0" src="http://www.twinsonline.co.uk/assets/images/weaning_baby.gif" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 203px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 217px;" /></a><br />
The Committee on Medical Aspects of Food in its <i>Report of the Working Group on the Weaning Diet</i><span lang="EN-GB">(Department of Health and Social Security, 1994) recommended that the majority of infants should not be given solid food before the age of 4 months. Also, the World Heath Organization (2002) recommended exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months. Delaying the introduction of solid food until after 4 months may confer benefit in families with a history of atopy or gluten enteropathy (celiac). After years of intensive research, the experts determined that the best time to introduce solid food in a baby’s diet is at 6 months.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><br /><br />If the baby is weaned to solid foods earlier than 4 to 6 months, they will have an inability to take in solid food because they could only do sucking and not drinking. They may have extrusion (gagging) reflex that would eject solid foods and they may experience problems with their head control. Also, their gut permeability will be high because they are not ready to process foreign proteins that may cause them allergies. At this age, babies still have no salivary or pancreatic amylases and their kidneys might not cope with high solute load. Supplements can also decrease iron absorption from milk and increase infection. They may also have a strong risk of bacterial infection, develop coeliac disease from gluten intolerance or be induced to obesity because of overfeeding. On the other hand, weaning the baby later than 6 months would also have problems like “breast addiction”, where babies don’t learn about foods’ taste, smell and texture, so it becomes very hard to introduce food later. Introducing solid food later than 6 months would also exhaust the baby’s iron stores because milk is not a good source of iron for gut hygiene reasons. Energy and protein intake will also become inadequate, while other nutrients may not be supplied by milk alone.<br /><br />In <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region> standards, babies should be able to take 100 percent solid food in their diet. To start</span> giving new foods to babies, mothers should try to do it when the baby is hungry. Lunchtime is great because the baby will be as alert. Mothers should try giving solid food only one at a time. There should also be several days interval between new foods. The babies should be fed slowly to avoid choking. Also, babies need 5 meals a day until he or she is 1 year old.<span lang="EN-GB"><br /><br />When starting solid foods at 6 months, mothers should first use gruels, mashed potatoes, and purées. Rice is recommended but gluten should be avoided as long as possible (including biscuits and rusks). It is also important to keep sugar and fat reasonably high. </span>Choking on large lumps is still a danger at this age. Pipped, seeded or skinny fruits, nuts or highly spiced foods need a mature digestive system, good teeth and the ability to avoid accidental inhalation. After six months a mix of foods is necessary to provide sufficient energy, trace elements (especially iron and zinc) and vitamins. Vitamin C is needed daily as it is not stored in the body. Sodium levels will be excessive if unmodified cow’s milk is given as the only milk source from birth; cow’s milk protein is also difficult for the child under one year to digest and, if given as the main food, is thought to be one of the common causes of iron deficiency anaemia in this age group (McGregor 2000, p. 112). In fact, salty foods should be restricted for the first few years of life as sodium intake has been implicated in the onset of hypertension in adulthood. Also, mothers should avoid high nitrate/nitrite content foods like bacon, ham, hot dogs and spinach because of the risk of methaemoglobinaemia. Hygiene in handling baby food can also be essential to avoid infection. High infection risk foods include cooked rice, cream, meat, milk and egg dishes.<br />
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Babies still have undeveloped digestive system and this is why people should be careful in giving them solid food. The key should be the right timing and gradual introduction of solid food. When done properly, the weaning process may help babies eat properly to promote good health in later life.<br />
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Bibliography<br />
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Alder, E.M., Williams, F.L.R., <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Anderson</st1:city></st1:place>, A.S.. Forsyth, S., Florey C.D.V. and van der Velde, P. 2004, September. What influences the timing of the introduction of solid food to infants? <i>British Journal of Nutrition</i>, 92(3): 527-531.</div>
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Department of Health and Social Security. 1994. <span class="yellow">Weaning</span> and the <span class="yellow">Weaning</span> Diet. <i>Report of the Working Group on the <span class="yellow">Weaning</span> Diet of the Committee on Medical Aspects of <span class="yellow">Food</span> Policy</i>, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city>: HM Stationery Office.</div>
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MacGregor, J. (2000). <i>Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology of Children. </i><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Florence</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">KY</st1:state></st1:place>: Routledge.<style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;} p.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-link:"Header Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; tab-stops:center 3.0in right 6.0in; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;} span.HeaderChar {mso-style-name:"Header Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:Header; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} </style> </div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">World Health Organization. 2002. <i>Infant and Child Nutrition: Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding</i>, Executive Board paper no. EB 109/12, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Geneva</st1:place></st1:city>: WHO.</span> </div>
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Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-1616026100103814542009-02-18T22:04:00.000-08:002009-09-16T22:41:27.853-07:00Marketing a Health Drink in South AfricaAs a country nestled in the southernmost part of the African continent, South Africa gained prominence for the “great natural beauty, and cultural diversity, all of which have made the country a favored destination for travelers since the legal ending of apartheid (Afrikaans: “apartness,” or racial separation) in 1994” (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4wc6tnAJjnb74euQgzx_bqR0Kaax7JligWCgIWGOBL8amY7hHt7ryNiFc65qfCVg2Tkass-R4WnrOmyP0I5lvfGrBlznwrEeTB6s1hXVnfu2BUODNkEzSB2t66DvNJStt-1QLLvYBrRJi/s1600-h/AIDS+in+South+Africa.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 283px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4wc6tnAJjnb74euQgzx_bqR0Kaax7JligWCgIWGOBL8amY7hHt7ryNiFc65qfCVg2Tkass-R4WnrOmyP0I5lvfGrBlznwrEeTB6s1hXVnfu2BUODNkEzSB2t66DvNJStt-1QLLvYBrRJi/s400/AIDS+in+South+Africa.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5382299334700133810" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><a href="http://www.battlingaids.com/">Photo Source</a></span><br /></div><br /><a name='more'></a><br /><!-- adsense --><br />In terms of economy, South Africa is a middle-income country with abundant natural resources, well-established financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport systems, and a stock exchange that ranks among the ten largest in the world. Its economy is the largest in Africa, and is characterized by strong financial and manufacturing sectors. The country is a leading exporter of minerals and tourism is a key source of foreign exchange.<br /><br />During the apartheid era, South Africa long afforded its white minority the opportunity to enjoy a developed-country standard of living at the expense of its black majority. The economy was based on a system that had deprived the majority of the population of education and economic opportunities.<br /><br />Since the end of the apartheid in 1994, South Africa has made considerable economic progress. Sound economic management and structural reforms, supported by favorable external conditions in recent years, have led to higher growth, lower and more stable inflation, sound public finances, and a healthy financial system. While recent economic performance has been strong, the external current account deficit has widened, and inflation pressures have intensified. Moreover, the country continues to face high unemployment and poverty, which requires more efforts from the government while it simultaneously pursues policies aimed at maintaining macroeconomic stability.<br /><br />South Africa’s economic performance has been strong in recent years due to sound macroeconomic policies and a favorable external environment. Since 2004, annual real GDP growth has averaged 5 percent, compared with 3.1 percent in 2003. Growth was driven by strong domestic demand, with private consumption and investment spending supported by continuing robust consumer and business sentiment and low interest rates. The strong pace of economic activity led to higher employment. However, the unemployment rate declined only moderately, to 25.5 percent in 2006 from 26.7 percent in 2005, as labor force participation rose. After a prolonged period of remaining within the 3 to 6 percent target band, inflation increased to 6.3 percent in mid-2007, reflecting both rising food and fuel prices and demand pressures (The World Bank, 2008).<br /><br />According to the CIA World Factbook (2008), South Africa’s population is 43,786,115. It is shrinking at an annual rate of 0.5 percent because of the effects of excess mortality due to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The majority of the population (79 percent) is comprised of Africans, mostly from nine ethnic groups. The Zulus are the largest group, followed by the Xhosas, North Sothos, South Sothos, Tswanas, Shangaan-Tsongas, Swazis, Ndebeles, and Vendas. Each ethnic group has its own cultural heritage, language, and national identity. Before migration patterns led groups to mix with one another, most lived in distinct areas of southern Africa. It is deemed that because of this intermixing with ethnic groups; HIV has spread widely because most people are uneducated about how AIDS is spread through unprotected sexual contact.<br /><br />AIDS in South Africa<br /><br />Latest estimates reveal that 4.5 to 6.2 million people in South Africa are infected with AIDS (The Economist, 3 December 2005). Government programs to deter AIDS are not enough to cure the large number of people infected with HIV. According to the report, the national South African health budget for AIDS “has more than tripled since 2001” to amount to almost $232 million in 2006. In 2006, about 85,000 people receive AIDS treatment through the state health service, while another 60,000 get them privately.<br /><br />Women’s Health Weekly (26 December 2002) reported that AIDS is the leading killer of South African women. The report stated that “women are more at risk than men for contracting HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, because of biological vulnerability and their lack of control in sexual relationships”. In fact, “a combined 41% of all deaths from 1997-2001 were attributed to tuberculosis, flu and pneumonia - diseases commonly associated with AIDS - as well as AIDS itself”.<br /><br />Because of the extremely high cost of AIDS treatment, people with AIDS in South Africa have<br />relied on bogus home remedies. In the recent The Economist report (26 August 2006), UN envoy Stephen Lewis “accused the government of embracing theories worthy of a ‘lunatic fringe’, promoting bogus homemade remedies and being ‘obtuse, dilatory and negligent’ in distributing anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs)”. This is because South Africans preferred “such goodies as lemons, garlic and beetroot on their official stand, seeming to present them as alternatives in the prevention and treatment of AIDS, with the condoms and ARVs”.<br /><br />In view of the economic conditions of people with HIV in South Africa, combined with their culture for faith in home remedies, promoting JOY juice as an alternative supplement for combating AIDS might be attractive for them. The Economist report (26 August 2006) stated that a “medical consensus is that a balanced and healthy diet, not so common in Africa, is essential to fight AIDS”, but when an effective immunological home remedy is introduced in the market, there will be a greater chance for AIDS sufferers to combat this disease, rather than relying on unfounded home remedies.<br /><br />Recommendations<br /><br />It is suggested that Everlasting LIFE should establish a manufacturing plant in South Africa, since the raw materials are readily available there. Another good indication to manufacture the product there is that labor is cheap in South Africa. With 4.5 to 6.2 million people suffering from AIDS in South Africa, a JOY juice manufacturing plant in Johannesburg is recommended so that people needing it would not be short of supply. It is expected that the product will do well because it is a scientific and effective home remedy that African people are willing to accept, rather than taking in anti-retroviral drugs. However, it should be sold as a food supplement and people should be warned that this product will help them manage HIV, not entirely the ultimate cure for AIDS.<br /><br />References<br />Anonymous. (2002, December 26). AIDS leading cause of death among South African women. Women’s Health Weekly, 14.<br />Anonymous. (2005, December 3). A war still to be won; South Africa and AIDS. The Economist, 377(8455): 45.<br />Anonymous. (2006, August 26). Beetroot but no blushes; South Africa. The Economist, 380(8492): NA.<br />CIA. (2008). The World Factbook. Retrieved June 15, 2008, from <a href="References%20Anonymous.%20%282002,%20December%2026%29.%20AIDS%20leading%20cause%20of%20death%20among%20South%20African%20women.%20Women%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%99s%20Health%20Weekly,%2014.%20Anonymous.%20%282005,%20December%203%29.%20A%20war%20still%20to%20be%20won;%20South%20Africa%20and%20AIDS.%20The%20Economist,%20377%288455%29:%2045.%20Anonymous.%20%282006,%20August%2026%29.%20Beetroot%20but%20no%20blushes;%20South%20Africa.%20The%20Economist,%20380%288492%29:%20NA.%20CIA.%20%282008%29.%20The%20World%20Factbook.%20Retrieved%20June%2015,%202008,%20from%20https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html.">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html</a>.Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-89988736295936464902009-02-16T15:10:00.000-08:002009-09-16T22:40:58.206-07:00Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - How to Deal With It Without Even Trying<div>Do you have these symptoms of general lethargy whenever you go on your regular routine throughout the day? Experiencing fatigue easily when you do the simplest of all chores? Well, you might just have a chronic fatigue syndrome and you might not know it. Actually, it is one of the main causes of stress, which might expose you to more threatening health problems on the long run.</div> <div><a href="http://www.newscientist.com/blog/shortsharpscience/uploaded_images/fatigue-736871.jpg"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="Avoiding Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" border="0" alt="Avoiding Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQjBWQXa1GEFMQ4d4Fa89Rkzi7ancw_PLWWiDxFK7vOIjy-JOWrmQYFzPEWZbbThYbqWozWM-UIRbuSo1lVuZ-NxcGdl7xWxTKr8Q6hvZBapx4lK3k8LpPf8VtxKdJsr9aTc7Gd-EE4bTL/?imgmax=800" width="374" height="282" /></a> </div> <br /><a name='more'></a><br /><div>It is pointed out that fatigue starts out when you have irregular sleeping patterns. It is actually quite easy to remedy this by routinely completing your sleep within 6 to 8 hours per day. How do you do it? One tip is to get to sleep by 11 p.m. before midnight. To aid you from having a good night's sleep, try having a warm bath before going to bed as it will ease your weary nerves that calm you down and encourages you to fall asleep easily.</div> <div> </div> <div>Another good thing to do before sleeping is to drink some warm milk or hot chamomile tea to induce you into being relaxed before going to bed. It is also advised that you give yourself time to read a book on bed so that your mind will not wander off to things you've done for the day. It helps your brain to be soothed from all the worries that can disturb you into falling asleep.</div> <div>Your diet can also trigger chronic fatigue as you might not be aware of it. If you are a carbonated drink or a caffeine fix freak, you might consider trying to slow down on those four or five hours before you sleep as they can keep you perky and have trouble sleeping after. Try to increase intake of fruits and vegetables and lighten up your dinner to salads -- these can be very helpful in getting you the right energy sources that would counteract chronic fatigue syndrome.</div> <div> </div> <div>Of course,exercise is another key to thwart chronic fatigue syndrome. Try to have a 15-minute stretching after you get up from bed. Make it a habit so that you'll feel energized throughout the day. In a week, you should devote 3 hours more of exercise through walking, jogging or going to the gym. It takes a lot of work but the benefits can be good for your general health.</div> <div> </div> <div>Just try to follow the simple steps I enumerated and you're good to go in preventing chronic fatigue syndrome from eating away your time to enjoy lif</div>Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-39633563518854258192009-02-15T15:50:00.000-08:002009-09-16T22:40:36.812-07:00Living with Allergy – Is It All That Bad?<div>The human body is not a perfect machine as it has its imperfections. Sometimes our body can react to substances that can trigger negative reactions in our system that can cause utter discomfort. These "reactions" are commonly known as allergy. Simply put, an <strong>allergy</strong> is a dysfunction in our immune system and it can only be remedied by taking medication that thwart the unwanted "triggers" from further doing damage through chemical reactions.</div> <div> </div> <p><img src="http://www.askwhiz.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/children-allergies.jpg" /> </p> <p><a name='more'></a></p> <div>Most people have allergies that involve: skin itching, watery eyes and uncontrollable sneezing. Allergy can be further divided into three types based on the triggering element:</div> <ul> <li>- allergy caused by diet-related triggers </li> <li>- allergy caused by the weather or season changes </li> <li>- chronic allergies that has congenital nature </li> </ul> <div>If you have allergies yourself, you're not alone. In the US, it is estimated that <strong>35 million</strong> Americans are living with different types of allergies and they are either maintaining appropriate medications or avoiding the triggers that result to negative reactions in their system.</div> <div> </div> <div>We have breakthroughs in modern medicine to thank for that allergies are relieved almost instantly. Most allergy medicines nowadays are free of dangerous side effects that arise from components like <strong>accutane</strong> or <strong>adderall</strong>. In the past, the medications that contain these components instigate back pain, dizziness, stomach upset, fever, cough, earache, menstrual cramps and stuffy nose.</div> <div> </div> <div>Side effects from <strong>accutane</strong> or <strong>adderall</strong> does not end from there. There are also reports that these chemical components either cause or intensify throat irritation, muscle pains, nausea, drying of mouth, general lethargy, headaches, indigestion, appearance of hives, drowsiness, nervousness, vomiting, and even nightmares.</div> <div> </div> <div>In choosing the right allergy medicine, you should consider looking at the label and see if it contains antihistamine. This chemical component is safe and if coupled with the right accompanying chemicals - it can be non-sedating. It means you can take it while working or doing your daily routine without being bothered by drowsiness.</div> <div> </div> <div>However, the best thing to do when taking in medicines for allergy is to consult your doctor about it. Usually, doctors can advise you also the food or liquors you have to avoid when taking these allergy medicines as they might have negative effects or counteracts to the substances contained in those. Children up to 6 years of age can safely take most allergy medicines, while pregnant women are advised to cancel out taking these medications unless they are recommended by their doctors.</div> <div> </div> <div>Living with allergies cannot at all be bad, you should just follow what the doctors advise you and you'll surely be on the right path.</div>Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-87170394051230043212009-02-13T23:38:00.000-08:002009-09-16T22:56:02.967-07:00DisclaimerThis site does not claim ownership of some TEXT, PICTURES, VIDEOS or other media found on this site. We will try our best to cite the sources of these materials. 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More detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers can be found at the browsers' respective websites.Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3406692401176418664.post-29423687795826861592009-02-11T11:29:00.000-08:002009-09-16T22:40:03.900-07:00About Medical WTF!We all know that the world of healthcare is not spared from the funny, the shocking and the simply WTF things that happen within the barriers of this sector. Hence, this blog will try to cover these things along with other related health, wellness and medical information that our users might find useful. <br /><a name='more'></a><br />Not that we claim to be the ultimate authority in the medical field, but we will try to keep our information fresh and accurate, while lighter side of things should be dealt with as is is -- not seriously. Enjoy this site as I did bringing you these medical stuff we try to keep light and leisurely!Ivy Jacobshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17579395511098113212noreply@blogger.com0